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\u6f58\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5149\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u201c\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\u8bb2\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u201d\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c2000\u5e74\uff0cE. Knill\uff0cR. Laflamme \u548cG. J. Milburn\u4e09\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u672c\u60f3\u8bc1\u660e\u5149\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6709\u6548\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u5e72\u6d89\u624b\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u6765\u505a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aKLM\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u5927\u8f70\u52a8<\/font>\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u6f58\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u201c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5149\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u7387\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u7387\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97<\/font>\u3002\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u201d\u6f58\u5efa\u4f1f\u8bf4\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u201c\u7c7b\u6bd4CPU\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0ccentral processing unit\uff09\u3001GPU\uff08\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0cgraphics processing unit\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709QPU\uff08\u91cf\u5b50\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0cquantum processing unit\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u522b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d \u9646\u671d\u9633<\/strong>\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

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\n<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n<\/font><\/p>\n

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\n<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u738b\u98de\u8dc3<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6280\u672f\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u7528\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u201c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5236\u89c2\u5ff5\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u52a0\u5f3a\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u201d<\/font><\/p>\n

\u9646\u54c1\u71d5<\/strong>\u5219\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u707e\u96be\u8bf4\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff1f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5373\u4fbf\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u201d<\/font><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f1a\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5bc6\u7801\u7834\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9650\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u7834\u89e3\u3002\u201d<\/font><\/p>\n


\n<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u516b\uff1a\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u3001\u4e0b\u4e0b\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\uff1f<\/strong><\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u662f\u4e94\u5e74\u3001\u5341\u5e74\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u201d\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5f20\u529b\u594b\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u629b\u7ed9\u4e5d\u7ae0\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u6f58\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u201c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u201d\u628a76\u4e2a\u5149\u5b50\u6570\u62d3\u5c55\u523085\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u5347\u91cf\u5b50\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u3002\u4e24\u5230\u56db\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8c03\u5236\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b<\/font>\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u800c\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u5e0c\u671b\u672a\u6765\u4e24\u5e74\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u8d85\u7b97\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u5149\u597d\u73a9\u6216\u8005\u62ff\u6765\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u6f58\u5efa\u4f1f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c15\u5e74\u523020\u5e74\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u201c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u201c\u8981\u770b5\u523010\u5e74\u91cc\u9762\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u7ea0\u9519(error correction)\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3<\/font>\uff0c\u672a\u676520\u5e74\u7684\u524d\u666f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5149\u660e\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/font><\/p>\n

\u6f58\u5efa\u4f1f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u201c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u201d\u628a76\u4e2a\u5149\u5b50\u6570\u62d3\u5c55\u523085\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/font>\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u5347\u91cf\u5b50\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n


\n<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u4e5d\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6709\u591a\u8fdc\uff1f<\/strong><\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u58f0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5f20\u529b\u594b\u8bf7\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8c08\u8c08\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u4e24\u5e74\u6216\u662f\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u9646\u54c1\u71d5<\/strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u4ea4\u6d41\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u589e\u5f3a\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ddf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u597d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u597d\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u76ee\u524d\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u738b\u98de\u8dc3<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u201c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5371\u9669\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u91cf\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u653e\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u60f3\u597d\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u8eb2\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u3002\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u76f4\u64ad\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5f20\u5ce5\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u738b\u98de\u8dc3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5b58\u7591\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u3002\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6211\u4e0d\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u8d85\u5bfc\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u9886\u5934\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6731\u6653\u6ce2\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u4e0a\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u4e0d\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u5230\u6709\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53bb<\/font>\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591a\u548c\u505a\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

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2. \u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u7c7b\u552f\u4e00\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u751f\u7684\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ece\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u7ed9\u4e0e\u66f4\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u60ca\u559c\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

3. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u898115-20\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u957f\uff08\u6709\u4eba\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u767b\u5c71\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5148\u6709\u540e\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u90fd\u5728\u5c71\u811a\uff09\u3002\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

4. \u4e13\u7528\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6c2e\u56fa\u5316\uff08\u8282\u7ea6\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u7528\u6765\u505a\u5316\u80a5\u7684\u5360\u603b\u7535\u80fd5-10%\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e29\u8d85\u5bfc\uff08\u80fd\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u548c\u836f\u7269\u5f00\u53d1\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u9999\u5417\uff1f\u4e13\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u8981\u6bd4\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5927\u800c\u5168\u201d\u7684\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c11\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u524d\u8fdb\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u57ab\u811a\u77f3\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7a33\u6b65\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u6cbf\u9014\u4e0b\u86cb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u81f4\u8c22\uff1a\u5f20\u6657\u3001\u4efb\u77e5\u5fae\u3001\u6234\u5a01\u3001\u6c64\u4f69\u5170\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u4ea6\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u5236\u7248\u7f16\u8f91 | \u5362\u5361\u65af<\/font><\/p>\n

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  1. \n

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